Ownership and control

 Ownership and control 


Industries: Recap

Industries are the producers, the companies that produce (make) and distribute the media product. 

Industries have a strong interest in who their target audience is so that they can best appeal to them. 

Some companies dominate the industry which means they own more of the content and therefore make more money (revenue).




Conglomerate Ownership

A conglomerate is a media company that owns lots of smaller media companies. These smaller companies are called subsidiaries. Most of the global media industry is now dominated by a small number of massive conglomerates.


Vertical integration

Vertical integration is when one conglomerate owns different companies in the same chain of production.

For example, Disney owns film studios, CGI specialists, film distributors, TV channels (such as the Disney Channel) and streaming service Disney+. This gives Disney the chance to make money at every stage of production and distribution. Complete ownership = more profit and control.



Horizontal integration

Horizontal integration is when one company buys other companies at the same level of distribution.

For example, Facebook acquired Instagram (at a cost of $1 billion) so that they could cancel out the competition by making money from both. 

Horizontal integration allows companies to widen their audience and find other ways to make money.


Synergy

Synergy is when a company creates a brand that can be used across different media products and platforms. For example, Disney makes movies but then also has related stage shows, theme parks, merchandise, soundtracks and events all linked to the same brand or characters.


Convergence

Technological convergence refers to the fact we can now access all different types of media on one device.

The growth of smartphones has completely changed the relationship between industries and audiences. 


Task : 

1) What is a conglomerate in the media industries? 

-When one huge media company owns several smaller media companies.

2) What is a subsidiary?

-When one company is being controlled by another company.

3) What are the benefits for media companies of vertical integration?

-This helps the company reduce any risks and prices due to them owning the entire chain supply.

4) What are the benefits for media companies of vertical integration?

- This helps the company increase their market share and open up to new markets and audiences.

5) Give three examples of media companies or brands that have used synergy to maximise their profits. 

-Disney
-DreamWorks
-Illumination 


6) What is convergence and what device has changed the relationship between audiences and producers? 

-when different types of media industries merge together into one digital platform. This makes it easier for the audience to access information about a certain piece of media.


7) Why did Facebook buy Instagram for $1bn? Answer in as much detail as possible

-Facebook bought Instagram to eliminate it from being a competitor and a risk to their business. this also means they can gain more income.
 










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